Review of Paper: VegaDLib: A Service-Oriented Platform for Building Digital Libraries

Title           : VegaDLib: A Service-Oriented Platform for Building Digital Libraries

Authors     : Ke Li, Haozhi Liu, Haiyan Yu

Content     :

Today many are made with the digital library concept based solution in which the concept approach has one drawback, namely the data are not used to the new system and more specific. This is a basic idea of ​​the development of service oriented systems digilib platform known as VegaDLib. With the development of a new concept, then the user can build their own libraries with cost and small businesses.Dissertations consists of three main components, namely content (resources), core system (management and operation of user and administrator), and the user interface (user and system interaction). Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an approach to the integration of heterogeneous systems where for system platform, various power sources can be collected as a web service to enhance the operation of the components in it.VegaDLib based on the general model and made some extensions.VegaDLib motivation is to create a common platform that is easily installed on different systems. These systems are heterogeneous operating systems, databases and other metadata specifications.SOA consists of three main parts, namely a model layer, control layer, and the view layer. The model layer is the database structure of the system with one element of a record (actual metadata from resources). The model layer is the basis of development control layer and view layer. Control layer is the basic functionality of the system consisting of four different functional modules that use the classification of the model layer. Kempat module is record and catalog management, and service index searching, browsing and data services provider, and the administration that includes the service admin. View layer is a composition of three modules that include user-side utility web services client, server-side process modules, and web portal. This layer is responsible for users and core systems, efficiency, Reliability of, and security interactions.SOA implementations in the digital library is as follows, to manage the service (service record) who is in control layers have two functions set the record and provide the facility to set the record. In the catalog service is used to catalog the metadata (list books, etc.) but, to catalog the existing record. Record in question is a record that is in the record factory. Catalog service is used to store records that may have been deleted can be restored again. Index service is very useful in the library system. With index users can search data easily and quickly. Index is also used as a marker in the metadata. For example, the form of power point metadata, document, pdf etc will diindexkan differently according to the type of existing metadata. Next is a search service, search service is related to the index service. Search service is always looking index that was created in the index service. Results are displayed by the search service is the result of having a degree of similarity and a high level of access to low-level access.The data service provider is used combine multiple data from various sources and creates an index on that data. Example is the data collected in aggregate and index created for the user, making it easier when searching for global secar. Admin service needed to manage existing data. Admin bertuga to start or stop the system. Admin can also serve mengauthorisasi that the data can be accessed by other users at different levels of service.A user interface that can be used is a web portal. Where now can be accessed anywhere at anytime and with beberbagai gadget options. In accessing the metadata contained in digital libraries needs to be distinguished storage area index and also the original metadata. Because not everyone can access the metadata of the original, because it feared the tone aka people who are not responsible to remove the existing metadata in the metadata.Features available in the following VegaDlib, kemudalah in installation, maintenance and use. Users can easily set sesusai needs. The system is quite stable and can be used in a variety of platforms. It is possible an exchange of data between the database instance to the original database.

Background of making Handle, lock and pump impeller with Using Oil Sand Mold Casting Process

Oil pump is usually made using cast iron. This makes the oil pump to be heavy. Oil pump has a function to suck fluid from a container and pull it out. Oil pump consists of several components, including the impeller, the pump house, pump house close, pipes in, pipes out, stalk player (handle), lock the drum, bolt and seal.

In the market, the oil pump is sold as a whole, so if there is damage to one part only, the pump does not work anymore, and consumers are forced to buy a new pump.Therefore, the producers began trying to separate the oil pump on the manufacture of components.

At first, the manufacture of the components of the oil pump is made with cast iron materials. However, the manufacture of components of the oil pump has the disadvantage that it felt brittle, so easy to crack if exposed to impact. Departing from the above facts, it is necessary to study other metals can be used other than cast iron.

Research is underway to make the component parts of the oil pump using sand molds, while to replace cast iron materials with lighter material, selected aluminum alloys. In addition to aluminum, the metals can be used in a sand mold casting process include iron, steel, copper, bronze, brass or metal alloy. The reason is to cover the replacement of material weaknesses in the manufacture of the oil pump components of cast iron, which is brittle.

Part of the oil pump to be made in this study is the handle, lock and impellers. Handle is a function of oil pump impeller rotating components within the pump house. This handle must have enough power for rotating the handle at the moment due to tensile stress arising from the labor of human hands. While the pump impeller is part of the house that can rotate due to rotation of the handle. The impeller shall be resistant to corrosion.While the lock is a component of the oil pump which serves to hold the pipe that goes into the drum can not move, making it easier for the rotating handle.

The process of making the above components using the sand casting process. Excess of the sand mold casting method is a relatively inexpensive cost compared to the method of cast iron, which is also relatively easy operation, can make even complex components, and can make a large size components.

The corners of the chisel that affect the cutting force and surface smoothness

Discussion 1

The corners of the chisel that affect the cutting force is:

A. Free orthogonal angle (α0)

Free angle function is to reduce friction between the main field (Aα) with the transient field of the workpiece. The price of free elections angle determined by the type of the workpiece and cutting conditions. Ate motion (f) will determine the price point free. The greater the motion of eating the cutting force will be greater

2. Growled orthogonal angle (γ0)

Angle affects the formation of furious anger. For a given cutting speed, large angle furious compression ratio will decrease resulting in a thick angry γh increase shear angle Φ. Large shear angle Φ will decrease the cross-cutting shear Ashi so the style will go down. To reduce the large cutting force resulting from the use of negative angle so furiously cutting speeds should be high (in order to decrease the strength of the workpiece).

3. Torsional angle

Because the torsional angle equal to the angle on the outer side growled then the function will be similar to a chisel point on the lathe furious, furious that affect the formation process. The larger the twist angle will mrnurunkan style that cuts torque and compression force will decline.

The corners of the chisel that affect the smoothness of the surface is:

A. Corner radius (re)

Radius corner serves to strengthen the cut end of the meeting between the eyes with the eye's main minor cut S 'and in addition determine the smoothness of the surface of the cutting .. Machining the surface smoothness is determined by the formula:

Rt = (Cr f2) / 8re;

Where:

Rt = total roughness of the surface roughness parameter (μm)

motion f = feed (mm / r)

re = radius corner (mm)

Cr = conversion factor, depending on the nature ketermesinan workpiece, cutting conditions are selected (cutting speed) and the stiffness of the cutting system;

Kaku = 2000

Medium = 2300

Weak = 3000

The formula above states that the greater the corner radius is chosen then the smoothness of the surface may be enhanced.

2. Oblique angle

When the oblique angle value 0, then the furious flow perpendicular to the eye piece.Would make a furious stream of ρc angle to the line perpendicular to the eye piece and according to Stabler furious flow angle is approximately equal to the oblique angle λs.Given the oblique angle, the length of contact between the cutting tool with the workpiece to be more extended and specific cutting energy Esp will not change until reaching 20o oblique angle. The temperature of the contact area will reach a minimum price when λs + 5o valuable for refining process (finishing) and-5o in the hardening process (roughing).

3. Corner of the Bantu (k'r)

Orientation and the auxiliary field A'α cut against the surface of the workpiece has been cut off aid is determined by the angle cut and angle k'r α'o minor. If the minor α'o free angle is large enough to reduce friction, in principle, the corner pieces as small as possible aids k'r chosen because in addition to strengthening the chisel edge (tip angle is enlarged), the fineness of the product can be enhanced, which is a constraint is the stiffness of the workpiece cutting systems, because of the small corner pieces will enhance the force Fx radians as general pointer cutting the rigid system k'f = 5o - 10o and cutting systems are weak, k'f = 10o - 20o to the corner radius r is small, the surface smoothness parameter Rt ( total roughness) were determined simultaneously by k'f, kf and as the following formula:

Rt = fc / (kr + cot cot k'r)

Where:

Rt = total hardness (μm)

The main pieces of Kf = angle (o)

K'f = corner cut aid (o)

F = feed motion (mm / r)

C = conversion factor> 1000, depending on the nature of the workpiece ketermesinan terms of surface roughness and cutting conditions (cutting speed).

Discussion 2

Problem 1

Note:

A shaft of steel material AISI 1020 (200 BHN) has a cutting speed rpm ......

Initial diameter (d0) = 2 in

Final diameter (d1) = 1.9 in

Were:

Rotary speed (S)?

Answer:

Large spindle rotation speed can be obtained by using the formula below:

A. For inch size

   Df S = π (rpm) / 12

2. For metric sizes

Df S = π (rpm) / 1000

We chose the first formula, as is known in the matter of using units of inches.

df = (d0 + d1) / 2

    = (2 + 1.9) / 2

    = 3.9 / 2

    = 1.95 in

Df S = π (rpm) / 12

   = (3.14) (1.95) (20) / 12

   = 122.46 / 12

   = 10.205 sfpm (surface feet per minute)

Df S = π (rpm) / 12

   = (3.14) (1.95) (176.38) / 12

   = 1079.97 / 12

   = 89.99 sfpm (surface feet per minute)

Problem 2

Note:

Cutting length (L) = 4 in

Ingestion (S) = 0.001 in / round

Were:

Cutting time (T)?

Answer:

Cutting the time can be obtained by using the formula below:

A. For inch size

T = π df L / (12 FS)

2. For metric sizes

           T = π df L / (1000 FS)

We chose the first formula, as is known in the matter of using units of inches.

T = π df L / (12 FS)

    = (3.14) (1.95) (4) / (12) (0.001) (10.205)

    = 24.492 / 0.12246

   = 200 min

Farming

Indonesia is an agrarian country. Most of the livelihoods of the farmers. The land is very fertile. Cane planting, grow plants. Those things are often echoed when I was in elementary school first, around about ten years ago.

Currently, according to kompas.com, Bulog in 2011 received permission to import 1.6 million tonnes of rice to meet domestic shortage of rice supply and rice for national reserves. During the year 2011 Bulog has signed a new contract with Vietnam rice purchase of 300,000 tons. With that addition, some contracts to buy rice from Vietnam reached 1.2 million tons. Apart from Vietnam, Bulog also imported rice from India.

Indonesia's current situation is very different from Indonesia called an agricultural country. According Sepudin Zuhri in his article number 2.16 million farmers (in bisnis.com) states that the Ministry of Agriculture reported the absorption of agricultural labor in 2011 as much as 33.51% or 39.33 million of the total national labor force declined by 5, 2% compared with 41.49 million the previous year. This was stated in a press conference Kementan Reflection performance in 2011 on 2 January. According to the ministry, the decrease was due to the difficulty of finding a job in agriculture. Or in my opinion, the public perception that we now regard not the work of promising farmers.

Monday afternoon, December 12, 2011 ago me and my friends (John and Mas Bode) visit to rice fields in the area of ​​Cork, Karanganyar. Phenomena that we find on the lives of many rice fields where farmers are put through bersawah activity in the afternoon. In the morning the farmers usually work as factory workers as additional income to support life. For example, as did the father Maryanto, 45 farmers in Cork Karanganyar. In the morning, he worked as a garment factory workers in Karanganyar and in the afternoon he went to bersawah to get dusk. This is done to support his family. Pak Maryanto has two children and one wife. Her first child was working (STM graduates) and his second son was in high school.

Jobs occupied by the father Maryanto farming since 2006. The new farm occupied by the father Maryanto recently. Previously Mr. Maryanto is just a garment worker. Farming land used by the father is an area of ​​0.25 hectares Maryanto, this land is owned by relatives of the father Maryanto own. Maryanto father and relatives to apply for the 50-50 system. However, all costs that arise such as agricultural fertilizer, water, seed and other operating costs are borne by the pack Maryanto. Sometimes in the dry season farmers need loans sump pumps to a third party but in return the crop to be divided three pumps to the borrower as well.

Growing season each year is very meaningful because it marks the start of farmers to cultivate their fields. Starting from season to season, it takes about 3 months, depending on the type of rice that ditananm well. Once the seeds before planting for about 2 weeks. During the process of growth, fertilizer 3 times. In addition, it should be done to eradicate pests such as snails, the growth of grass and rats.

Based on the interviews we did, for the harvest of a quarter of a hectare of rice field is approximately 7-10 tons. In the dry season ago, net income after profit-sharing with landowners Maryanto pack gets $ 5 million. In the rainy season can be a good sign if the rain is running fine, but can be bad when the flood came.

When compared with the pocket money I get from parents, Rp. 750 000 per month, while the farmers earn less than Rp. 1.65 million per month. Farmers' monthly income doubled but to feed a family of 4. If one assumes a person is spending money for my pocket, of course, farmers' income a month is not sufficient to support his family.However, here the pack Maryanto also worked as a factory worker and his wife also worked as a factory worker. One of the boys also have their own income.

In my opinion, for the 50-50 as it is detrimental to farmers. Possible need for government's role to make regulations that suppress the landowner with a fair sharing system. Because based on the observation yesterday, an area covering approximately 10 hectares of rice fields, almost all of them owned by rich people and worked with farmers for the 50-50 system.

In this regard, targeting fertilizer subsidies should be more on target, that is not the farmers who work the land of the rich. Fertilizer and seed shall be redeemed with money. Therefore, the appropriate subsidies will help farmers that are expected to increase domestic rice production and improving farmers' welfare.

Perhaps this little story and experience that I can take the lesson. This way I will try to utilize what I have to finance more useful and carefully. And farming might be an option because of the work before the family income is sizable enough to feed one person in solo and surrounding cities.

Review: Breakthrough? China’s and India’s Transition from Production to Innovation

A. Preliminary

Growth and change in China and India has attracted attention for two reasons: first, because it shows that the following OECD countries continues to be possible. Second, because it affects the entire world, generating new opportunities but also new threats. In the case of China, the external effect is much greater than that in India since China started its export activities earlier, trade / GDP ratio was higher and was part of a network of East Asian exports.

Conversely, the ability of innovation is concentrated in UniEropa countries, the United States, and Japan. However, this began to change. There are indications that China and India are developing a significant innovation capability. Although OECD countries are still leading in almost all areas of tenologi, the gap distance between them narrowed in recent years.

Before we investigate further, it should be emphasized that what is to be understood is whether and how China and India switch from production to innovation. Analytical framework emphasizes that no single approach is adequate to understand the link penyusulan process. Section 3 attempts to assess the progress made on the basis of the available, as a whole. Section 4 analyzes four specific industrial sectors, although based on secondary sources, provide the answers you need. Section 5 summarizes the conclusions and dissect which tend to be better technology to process and which penyusulan way. Section 6 reflects the implications for OECD countries and the developing world.

2. Framework of Analysis

The main argument in this section is that no single approach is sufficient, which is needed is to combine the analytical framework to capture the development of innovation capability by China and India.

a. Innovation systems approach

This approach has been used to analyze the achievements of China and India (Krishnan, 2007; Li, 2005) and perhaps the most influential approach in the whole world.The starting point for the study of innovation systems is that innovation is an interactive process (Lundvall, 1988). Innovation system consists of companies that produce and innovate and the public and private organizations that conduct basic and applied development. Proportion of centers of innovation systems approach is the ability to innovate depends on the density and quality of relationships between companies and the relationship between companies and related institutions.

Initially focused on the national innovation system (Freeman, 1995), then switch to a local or regional innovation systems (Iammarino, 2005). This is due to two reasons: there is tremendous variation within countries, especially major powers, and geographical and cultural proximity facilitates an interactive process which is the heart of innovation system development. On the other hand, innovation is considered as yag learning process is socially embedded and slowly understood that tdak independently by each of intuition and culture. That should be highlighted is the importance of synergy to interact and competitiveness.

Some countries succeed and others fail to implement it. Failure is partly due to two things: first, the innovation systems approach does not have mastery of the analysis of relationships with key actors outside the region. Second, an understanding of the dynamics of innovation systems approach is still lacking.

b. Pengetian external relations

Systems approach to innovation becomes weak when discussing external relations.While external relations are very important in complementing and transformation of internal relations. China's manufacturing export growth can be understood if we see inset china company into global value chains. Insight we can from these approaches can be used to understand the transition of China from production to innovation capabilities.Starting from the acquisition of production capabilities. This capability is obtained by ontegrasi producers of developing countries into the chain which is coordinated by pemimpen UniEropa-based company, the United States, and Japan, or their intermediaries Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Regarding the spread of innovation capabilities, a more ambiguous, and the second power block kontelaaasilah that accelerates innovation activities.